(A) nationalism
(B) separatism.
(C) ** reparations.
(D) retaliations.
EXPLANATIONS BELOW
Concept note-1: -reparations, a levy on a defeated country forcing it to pay some of the war costs of the winning countries. Reparations were levied on the Central Powers after World War I to compensate the Allies for some of their war costs.
Concept note-2: -War reparations are compensation payments made after a war by one side to the other. They are intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war.
Concept note-3: -War reparations are payments by one state to another (or, sometimes, in modern practice, to individuals) at the end of a conflict, intended to compensate for the damage and injury inflicted during the war.
Concept note-4: -After World War II both West Germany and East Germany were obliged to pay war reparations to the Allied governments, according to the Potsdam Conference. Other Axis nations were obliged to pay war reparations according to the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. Austria was not included in any of these treaties.
Concept note-5: -Amount paid by Germany The Reparation Commission and the Bank for International Settlements state that 20.598 billion gold marks was paid by Germany in reparations, of which 7.595 billion was paid before the implementation of the London Schedule of Payments.