(A) Britain
(B) Ottoman Empire
(C) ** Germany
(D) Russia
EXPLANATIONS BELOW
Concept note-1: -The treaty’s so-called “war guilt” clause forced Germany and other Central Powers to take all the blame for World War I. This meant a loss of territories, reduction in military forces, and reparation payments to Allied powers.
Concept note-2: -The Treaty of Versailles, signed following World War I, contained Article 231, commonly known as the “war guilt clause, ” which placed all the blame for starting the war on Germany and its allies.
Concept note-3: -The war guilt clause of the treaty deemed Germany the aggressor in the war and consequently made Germany responsible for making reparations to the Allied nations in payment for the losses and damage they had sustained in the war.
Concept note-4: -Serbia bore the greatest responsibility for the outbreak of WW1. Serbian nationalism and expansionism were profoundly disruptive forces and Serbian backing for the Black Hand terrorists was extraordinarily irresponsible.