BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Detailed explanation-1: -Though planning is a futuristic concept but it is based on past actions and experiences. Planning for future cannot take place without peeping into the past. Similarly, though controlling involves assessment of past performance, it also aims at improving the future performance by taking the required corrective actions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer: Planning is forward looking because plans are prepared for future. It involves looking in advance and making policy for maximum utilisation of resources in future. Controlling is also forward looking because controlling does not end only by comparing past performance with standard.

Detailed explanation-3: -Controlling is forward looking because it does not end only by comparing past performance with standards. Controlling is backward looking because It postmortems all past activities to set future standards. Thus, controlling is both forward as well as backward looking.

Detailed explanation-4: -Planning is the process of thinking regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal. Planning is based on foresight, the fundamental capacity for mental time travel. The evolution of forethought, the capacity to think ahead, is considered to have been a prime mover in human evolution.