IMMUNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Humoral Immunity: Virus and/or virus-infected cells can stimulate B lymphocytes to produce antibody (specific for viral antigens) Antibody neutralization is most effective when virus is present in large fluid spaces (e.g., serum) or on moist surfaces (e.g., the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts).

Detailed explanation-2: -Vaccine Education Center Active immunity occurs when our own immune system is responsible for protecting us from a pathogen. Passive immunity occurs when we are protected from a pathogen by immunity gained from someone else.

Detailed explanation-3: -IgG antibodies help protect your body from viral and bacterial infections. Found in your blood and lymph system, IgM antibodies act as the first line of defense against infections. They also play a large role in immune regulation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Immunoglobulin M (IgM): Found mainly in blood and lymph fluid, this is the first antibody the body makes when it fights a new infection. Immunoglobulin E (IgE): Normally found in small amounts in the blood.

Detailed explanation-5: -Antibodies are proteins made by the body’s natural defence system (immune system) to fight foreign substances, such as bacteria. Antibodies attach themselves to the foreign substance, allowing other immune system cells to attack and destroy the substance.

Detailed explanation-6: -White blood cells are immune system cells. They are like warriors waiting in your blood stream to attack invaders such as bacteria and viruses. When fighting an infection, your body produces more white blood cells.