MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Normally, bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants. This means that peristalsis is occurring and contents are moving through the intestines.

Detailed explanation-2: -The four quadrants consisted of the right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ).

Detailed explanation-3: -The abdominal examination consists of four basic components: inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. It is important to begin with the general examination of the abdomen with the patient in a completely supine position. The presence of any of the following signs may indicate specific disorders.

Detailed explanation-4: -Auscultation of the abdomen is performed for detection of altered bowel sounds, rubs, or vascular bruits. Normal peristalsis creates bowel sounds that may be altered or absent by disease. Irritation of serosal surfaces may produce a sound (rub) as an organ moves against the serosal surface.

Detailed explanation-5: -Normal bowel sounds are not constant, and so it is important to listen for about a minute over each quadrant. In order to conclude that bowel sounds are absent, one must listen for three to five minutes (and hear nothing).