MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Smoking and air pollution are the most common causes of COPD. People with COPD are at higher risk of other health problems. COPD is not curable, but symptoms can improve if one avoids smoking, exposure to air pollution, and gets vaccines to prevent infections.

Detailed explanation-2: -Indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure has been associated with COPD. The most prominent indoor exposure is from tobacco smoke but the use of biomass fuels inside without proper ventilation, such as wood burning stoves, is a major exposure worldwide.

Detailed explanation-3: -COPD is usually caused by cigarette smoking, though long-term exposure to other lung irritants, like secondhand smoke, can also contribute to COPD. As many as 1 out of 4 Americans with COPD never smoked cigarettes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cigarette and e-cigarette waste can pollute soil, beaches and waterways. Studies have also shown that cigarette and e-cigarette waste is harmful to wildlife. Cigarette butts cause pollution by being carried, as runoff, to drains and from there to rivers, beaches and oceans.