MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Cullen’s sign is described as superficial oedema with bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the peri-umbilical region. This is also known as peri-umbilical ecchymosis. It is most often recognised as a result of haemorrhagic pancreatitis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cullen sign is a physical exam finding of ecchymoses, or bruising, around the umbilicus. This sign indicates either intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal hemorrhaging. Cullen sign is most commonly due to acute pancreatitis or ectopic pregnancy but can also be caused by numerous other abdominal pathologies.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cullen sign, first described in 1918, is superficial bruising in the subcutaneous fat around the umbilicus. It has been described in acute pancreatitis, rectus sheath hematoma, splenic rupture, perforated ulcer, intra-abdominal cancer, and ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and as a complication of anticoagulation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Grey Turner’s sign is an uncommon subcutaneous manifestation of intra-abdominal pathology that manifests as ecchymosis or discoloration of the flanks. [1] Classically it correlates with severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis, often in association with Cullen’s sign (periumbilical ecchymosis).

Detailed explanation-5: -Bluish to purplish periumbilical discoloration (Cullen sign) and flank discoloration (Grey Turner sign) represent retroperitoneal hemorrhage that has dissected through fascial planes to the skin. Retroperitoneal blood may also extravasate into the perineum, causing a scrotal hematoma or inguinal mass.