MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

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ABDOMINAL

GASTROINTESTINAL

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
Duodenal distension Presence of irritation in the duodenal mucosa Acidity of the duodenal chyme Osmolarity Presence of certain degradation products in the chyme are factors that:
A
They promote gastric emptying
B
They inhibit gastric emptying
C
Either A or B
D
None of the above
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -The rate of stomach emptying varies as a function of the volume and acidity of the stomach contents as well as the osmolality of the chyme in the small intestine.

Detailed explanation-2: -The presence of acidic chyme (pH less than 4) from the stomach directly stimulates the S cell in the duodenal mucosa to release the peptide secretin into the blood. Although H+ are the primary stimulus, secretin release also is stimulated by bile salts, fatty acids, sodium oleate, and several herbal extracts.

Detailed explanation-3: -Secretin is released by acid in the duodenum and stimulates pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate secretion, leading to neutralization of acidic chyme in the intestine (seeChapter 56). Secretin also inhibits gastric acid secretion (seeChapter 51) and intestinal motility.

Detailed explanation-4: -The rise in osmolality of the hypotonic beverage from the stomach to the duodenum is attributable to maltodextrin digestion, Na+ secretion, and greater water than solute absorption.

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