MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -The tongue surface moves upward, gradually expanding the area of tongue-palate contact from anterior to posterior, squeezing the liquid bolus back along the palate and into the pharynx. When drinking liquids, the pharyngeal stage normally begins during oral propulsion.

Detailed explanation-2: -The currently accepted model for swallowing describes three main stages: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases.

Detailed explanation-3: -Swallowing is divided into three stages: Oral phase – voluntary, movement of the bolus from the oral cavity into the oropharynx. Pharyngeal phase – involuntary, movement of the bolus from the oropharynx into the esophagus. Esophageal phase – involuntary, movement of the bolus through the esophagus and into the stomach.

Detailed explanation-4: -The preparatory/oral phase is voluntary, whereas the pharyngeal and esophageal phases are mediated by an involuntary reflex called the swallowing reflex. The neuromuscular structure and control of the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases of swallowing are different.

Detailed explanation-5: -Swallowing is a complex act that involves the coordinated activity of the mouth, pharynx, larynx and esophagus (Figure 1). A swallow has four phases: oral preparatory, oral propulsive, pharyngeal and esophageal.