MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -The sphincter of Oddi is the muscular valve surrounding the exit of the bile duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum. The sphincter is normally closed, opening only in response to a meal so that digestive juices can enter the duodenum and mix with food for digestion.

Detailed explanation-2: -The sphincter of Oddi (also hepatopancreatic sphincter or Glisson’s sphincter), abbreviated as SO, is a muscular valve that in some animals, including humans, controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) out of the pancreas through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum.

Detailed explanation-3: -The sphincter of Oddi is a muscle that opens and closes to allow bile and pancreatic juice to flow between the pancreas and the small intestine. In sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, the sphincter muscle does not open when it should, which causes a backup of digestive juices and severe pain in the abdomen.

Detailed explanation-4: -The sphincter of Boyden (also known as the choledochal sphincter) is a sphincter located in the common bile duct before it joins with the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater. This sphincter controls the flow of bile into the pancreatic duct and it helps in filling up of the gallbladder with bile.

Detailed explanation-5: -Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is a benign, noncalculous obstruction to flow of bile or pancreatic juice through the pancreaticobiliary junction. It may be manifested clinically by pain, pancreatitis (Chapter 135), abnormal liver test results, or abnormal pancreatic enzymes.