MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

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ABDOMINAL

GENERALISED LYMPHADENOPATHY

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
A post-mortem of a patient with a long history of cystitis and a dyskinesia of ureters revealed morphological signs of uremia. Kidneys were contracted, with irregularly scarred surface. In the renal pelvis fine urate stones and sand were registered. Histological investigation showed ‘the thyroid kidney’ and areas of an interstitial inflammation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A
Chronic pyelonephritis
B
Acute pyelonephritis
C
Atherosclerotic-contracted kidney
D
Primary-contracted kidney
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -Hydronephrosis is the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine. It happens when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder from a blockage or obstruction. Hydronephrosis can occur in one or both kidneys.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the renal pelvis, partially involving the kidney tissue. The cause is usually an unnoticed or poorly treated urinary infection, as the bacteria are already primarily in the upper urinary tract or reach up into the kidneys and thus trigger a strong inflammatory response.

Detailed explanation-3: -The most common renal anomaly is multiple renal cysts, but there are cases of single kidney or end-stage renal disease of unknown etiology.

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