MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Valvular thrombosis is a known complication of bioprosthetic valve replacement that usually occurs within a year of implantation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Complications include embolic events, bleeding, valve obstruction (due to thrombosis or pannus), infective endocarditis, structural deterioration (particularly for bioprosthetic valves), paravalvular regurgitation, hemolytic anemia, and prosthesis-patient mismatch.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bioprosthetic valve thrombosis (BPVT) is a known cause of bioprosthetic valve dysfunction that can be treated by anticoagulation but appears to be associated with accelerated bioprosthetic degeneration.

Detailed explanation-4: -Modes of bioprosthetic valve failure may be categorized as structural degeneration (calcification, tears, fibrosis, flail), nonstructural degeneration (pannus), thrombosis, and endocarditis. Calcification is the most common form of structural valve degeneration.

Detailed explanation-5: -Abstract. Bioprosthetic valve dysfunction (BVD) and bioprosthetic valve failure (BVF) may be caused by structural or nonstructural valve dysfunction. Both surgical and transcatheter bioprosthetic valves have limited durability because of structural valve deterioration.