MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -5 Stentless bioprosthetic valves. Stentless valves are used in the aortic and pulmonary valve positions either in a sub-coronary position or as a full root replacement. The lack of struts to support the leaflets allows for a greater effective orifice area.

Detailed explanation-2: -Implantation of a stentless valve is more demanding than a stented valve, and this is reflected by longer cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times. Some reports have shown higher hospital mortality with stentless valves than with stented valves, 21, 22 but long-term mortality may be lower with stentless valves.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mechanical and bioprosthetic valves are the most commonly used valves. Indications for different types of valves vary based on multiple factors.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Ross procedure, also known as the switch procedure or pulmonary autograft procedure, is a cardiac surgery in which a diseased aortic valve is replaced with the patient’s own pulmonary valve. This is followed by the replacement of the pulmonary valve with a pulmonary allograft.