MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -(T/F) The patient presents with a bioprosthetic valve and a new perivalvular leak is detected on echo this may be due to prosthesis dehiscence, an annulus abnormality, or PVE. True.

Detailed explanation-2: -Structural valve deterioration is a clinically important long-term complication of bioprosthetic valves, causing stenosis, regurgitation or a combination of both, ultimately necessitating reintervention. Valve thrombosis, thromboembolic complications and pannus formation occur more frequently with mechanical valves.

Detailed explanation-3: -Modes of bioprosthetic valve failure may be categorized as structural degeneration (calcification, tears, fibrosis, flail), nonstructural degeneration (pannus), thrombosis, and endocarditis. Calcification is the most common form of structural valve degeneration.

Detailed explanation-4: -Artificial heart valves are often known as mechanical heart valves and made from metallic alloys or plastic materials. In bioprosthetic heart valves, the valve tissue is typically from an animal species and mounted on a frame, known as a bioprosthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Complications include prosthetic valve obstruction (including prosthetic valve thrombosis [PVT] and pannus formation), patient-prosthesis mismatch, embolic events, bleeding, prosthetic valve regurgitation (valvular and paravalvular), infective endocarditis, and prosthetic valve-related hemolysis.