MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Limitations of VKAs include: Narrow therapeutic window. Interactions with drugs and food (e.g. foods rich in vitamin K) Delayed onset and offset of anticoagulant effect (this is a particular limitation for prevention of venous thromboembolism, in which the duration of therapy is relatively short)

Detailed explanation-2: -One part related to bleeding signs and management of bleeding or nonbleeding patients with a high INR: For all patients, signs of hemorrhage and internal bleeding were indicated such as epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, hematuria, melena, hematoma, palpitations, syncope, or fatigue.