MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -[12] This phase ends once the bolus passes through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and into the stomach. At rest, the LES is tonically contracted to prevent reflux from the stomach, and it undergoes relaxation during the swallowing phase.

Detailed explanation-2: -Swallowing is divided into three stages: Oral phase – voluntary, movement of the bolus from the oral cavity into the oropharynx. Pharyngeal phase – involuntary, movement of the bolus from the oropharynx into the esophagus. Esophageal phase – involuntary, movement of the bolus through the esophagus and into the stomach.

Detailed explanation-3: -The travel time through the esophagus is 5 to 6 seconds, with a velocity of peristalsis at 3 to 4 cm/sec. The act of swallowing has voluntary and involuntary components.