MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Cerebral edema usually begins to develop soon after the onset of ischaemia and peaks at 24–96 hours.

Detailed explanation-2: -Brain edema increases in the first 24 h progressively and increases rapidly 3 days after onset, reaches its initial peak at the 4th or the 5th day and remains elevated slowly until 9-14 days and then decreases [12].

Detailed explanation-3: -Vasogenic edema develops secondary to the BBB breakdown, which leads to extravasation of fluid and intravascular proteins into the parenchymal extracellular space peaking ≈24 to 48 hours after onset.

Detailed explanation-4: -Maximal BBB permeability has been noted within the first few hours post-injury in different TBI models, and can persist for 3–4 days (Readnower et al., 2010; Shetty et al., 2014; Tanno et al., 1992; Whalen et al., 2000b; Yeoh et al., 2013).

Detailed explanation-5: -Cerebral edema may develop between stage III and stage IV encephalopathy and present within hours of the onset of coma. Brain death associated with cerebral edema is the most frequent cause of death in acute liver failure and contributes to reduced survival after liver transplantation.