MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -In clinical practice, the typical flexion synergy of the upper limb post-stroke includes scapula lifting and internal rotation, glenohumeral joint abduction and external rotation, elbow flexion, forearm supination or pronation, and wrist and finger flexion.

Detailed explanation-2: -Flexor synergy patterns are common after stroke and cause multiple muscle groups to fire at once. Although this can be a sign of improving communication between your brain and muscles, flexor synergies can be uncomfortable and can lead to complications if not addressed.

Detailed explanation-3: -Spasticity often lends to soft tissue shortening due to an over recruitment of shortened muscles because of increased stretch reflexes. This pattern of tightness is called a “synergy.”

Detailed explanation-4: -Historically, two main synergies of the upper limb have been identified after stroke. These are the flexor synergy, in which shoulder, elbow, and wrist flexion are obligatorily linked, and the opposite extensor synergy (Twitchell, 1951; Brunnström, 1970).