MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Internal bleeding includes intracranial bleeding (0.4% to 15.4%), retroperitoneal bleeding (less than 1%), gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (5%), genitourinary bleeding (4%), and respiratory bleeding.

Detailed explanation-2: -tPA is a member of the serine protease family that plays a pivotal role in the homeostasis of blood coagulation/fibrinolysis and matrix regulation [2–5]. Generally, tPAconverts plasminogen into active plasmin and activates the fibrinolysis process to dissolve the clot and improve or restore the blood supply.

Detailed explanation-3: -RtPA is undoubtedly an effective drug in clinic[7, 8] while its common well-known side effects are bleeding[9], reperfusion injury with edema, and angioedema after clot dissolving[9, 10].

Detailed explanation-4: -Although the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage limits the use of tPA, the actual risk depends on the patient profile and the type of intracerebral hemorrhage, but ranges from 2% to 7%.