NEUROLOGY
SURGERY
|
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
|
The autonomic nervous system regulates the activities of internal organs such as the heart, lungs, blood vessels, digestive organs, and glands. Maintenance and restoration of internal homeostasis is largely the responsibility of the autonomic nervous system
|
|
|
Destruction or dysfunction of the basal ganglia leads not to paralysis but to muscle rigidity, disturbances of posture, and difficulty initiating or changing movement.
|
|
|
This barrier is formed by the endothelial cells of the brain’s capillaries, which form continuous tight junctions, creating a barrier to macromolecules and many compounds.
|
|
|
Flaccid paralysis and atrophy of the affected muscles.
|
Detailed explanation-1: -Although both upper and motor neuron lesions result in muscle weakness, they are clinically distinct due to various other manifestations. Unlike UMNs, LMN lesions present with muscle atrophy, fasciculations (muscle twitching), decreased reflexes, decreased tone, negative Babinsky sign, and flaccid paralysis.
Detailed explanation-2: -Flaccid paralysis can occur when the lower motor neurons become damaged, not allowing nerve impulses to reach the intended muscles. There is no voluntary control of the muscles in flaccid paralysis but there isn’t any involuntary control either, meaning the muscles don’t act at all.
Detailed explanation-3: -Because lower motor neuron’s originate in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, this results in lower motor neuron signs such as asymmetric weakness, flaccid paralysis, fasciculations, hyporeflexia, and muscle atrophy.
Detailed explanation-4: -One major characteristic used to identify a lower motor neuron lesion is flaccid paralysis – paralysis accompanied by loss of muscle tone. This is in contrast to an upper motor neuron lesion, which often presents with spastic paralysis – paralysis accompanied by severe hypertonia.