NEUROLOGY
SURGERY
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Knowledge of correct administration techniques and possible complications is required. It is very important to be familiar with the facility’s policies and procedures for transfusion therapy.
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The stroma is important in an indirect manner, in that it produces the colony-stimulating factors needed for hematopoiesis.
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Iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, pyridoxine, protein, and other factors are required. A deficiency of these factors during erythropoiesis can result in decreased red cell production.
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An increased number of band cells is sometimes called a left shift or shift to the left. A shift to the left indicates that more immature cells are present in the blood than normal.
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Detailed explanation-1: -This phenomenon is the left shift, and it signals an increased neutrophil production in the bone marrow. The WBC count and left shift frequently change during the course of bacterial infection.
Detailed explanation-2: -Today, the term “shift to the left” means that the bands or stabs have increased, indicating an infection in progress. For example, a patient with acute appendicitis might have a “WBC count of 15, 000 with 65% of the cells being mature neutrophils and an increase in stabs or band cells to 10%".
Detailed explanation-3: -A left shift indicates the presence of immature neutrophils in blood and usually, but not always, indicates an inflammatory leukogram (see related links for the historical origin of this term). Immature neutrophils are usually band neutrophils, but earlier forms can be seen.
Detailed explanation-4: -defined left shift as an increase in the ratio of non-segmented/segmented neutrophils in the peripheral blood [5]. In other words, an increase in the amount of immature neutrophils (myelocytes, metamyelocytes, and band neutrophils) in the peripheral blood.
Detailed explanation-5: -The normal reaction of bone marrow to infection or inflammation leads to an increase in the number of white blood cells, predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes and less mature cell forms (the “left shift”).