RESPIRATORY
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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An acute event characterized by worsening of respiratory symptoms, which is different from the daily manifestations and leads to the need for a change in medication or treatment.
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During an exacerbation, there is usually an increase in dyspnea, cough, wheezing, and sputum volume, but the nature of the sputum remains unchanged
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With or without symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, sore throat
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These are episodes that are prominent in the natural history of COPD
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Detailed explanation-1: -COPD exacerbations are associated with increased airway and systemic inflammation and physiological changes, especially the development of hyperinflation. They are triggered mainly by respiratory viruses and bacteria, which infect the lower airway and increase airway inflammation.
Detailed explanation-2: -Exacerbation symptoms vary between individuals, 4 the most common being breathlessness, wheeze, chest tightness, increased cough, and increased sputum volume and purulence.
Detailed explanation-3: -new cough may develop. from clear to colored (deep yellow, green, or brown) and/or the amount of sputum that you bring up may increase. In many people, a change in sputum is the first sign that they have an exacerbation. You may feel more tired (fatigue).
Detailed explanation-4: -They defined COPD exacerbations as follows: (1) change in sputum volume or color; (2) increased dyspnea, cough, or fever; (3) hospitalization and/or antibiotic prescription; and (4) increased C-reactive protein, increased white blood cell count, or radiographic infiltrate.