RESPIRATORY
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Brightening image on one side of the waste field
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Small heart chamber, dilated intercostal space
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The diaphragm is lowered, the angle of the ribs and the center of the diaphragm is obtuse
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None of the above
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Detailed explanation-1: -Dynamic hyperinflation and air trapping in COPD patients place the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in a mechanically disadvantageous position. Because of this, the diaphragm and intercostals are unable to provide adequate ventilation, leading to the recruitment of accessory muscles.
Detailed explanation-2: -In patients with COPD, the diaphragm works against an increased work load due to airflow limitation and geometrical changes in the thorax as a result of pulmonary hyperinflation. It has been hypothesized that the increased workload emulates endurance training of the diaphragm in these patients.
Detailed explanation-3: -If the lungs do not have full function, it can be difficult for someone to inhale or exhale completely. The lungs remain partially inflated most of the time, and the rib cage stays expanded. This state of hyperinflated lungs can result in a barrel chest, normally during the later stages of COPD.
Detailed explanation-4: -One of the signs of COPD that may show up on an X-ray are hyperinflated lungs. This means the lungs appear larger than normal. Also, the diaphragm may look lower and flatter than usual, and the heart may look longer than normal. An X-ray in COPD may not reveal as much if the condition is primarily chronic bronchitis.