MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -In people with cystic fibrosis, mucus is dehydrated, becoming so thick and sticky that the cilia are unable to propel mucus out of the lungs. As a result, the mucus clogs the airways. The largest airway is the trachea between the throat and the lungs.

Detailed explanation-2: -CF causes thick mucus to build up and clog certain parts of the body such as the lung. The buildup is caused by an abnormal gene called CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator). CFTR controls the flow of water and salt in and out of the body’s cells. Changes cause mucus to become thickened and sticky.

Detailed explanation-3: -CF disease-causing mutations can dysregulate the fluid content and composition of the airway surface liquid, including the periciliary layer (PCL), leading to increased mucus gel viscosity, PCL collapse and defective airway clearance [2, 3] (figure 1).

Detailed explanation-4: -A sputum culture can help identify specific causes of infections in the lungs and airways. Such infections can lead to coughing that produces yellow, greenish, or blood-tinged sputum, in addition to fever and difficulty breathing.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic (inherited) disease that causes sticky, thick mucus to build up in organs, including the lungs and the pancreas. In people who have CF, thick mucus clogs the airways and makes it difficult to breathe. Management includes ways of clearing lungs and eating correctly.