MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Hepatic damage caused by drugs is a common side effect of anti-TB treatment. One reason is hepatotoxicity of drugs. Enzymes for drug metabolism in hepatocyte microsomes may have congenital defect, malformation, low activity, or be inhibited by drugs, so drugs or drug metabolites are very toxic to hepatocytes.

Detailed explanation-2: -The main side effects are stomach upsets and discomfort, nausea and loss of appetite. Vomiting and diarrhoea may occur although this is rare. Mild flushing, itchiness, skin and a pale rash are often brief side effects, and are not reasons to stop your TB treatment.

Detailed explanation-3: -Tuberculosis and liver are related in many ways. Liver disease can occur due to hepatic tuberculosis or the treatment with various anti-tubercular drugs may precipitate hepatic injury or patients with chronic liver disease may develop tuberculosis and pose special management problems.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hepatotoxicity caused by first-line anti-TB drugs in adults-UpToDate. * First-line antituberculous drugs include isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide are potentially hepatotoxic; ethambutol is not hepatotoxic.

Detailed explanation-5: -If the tuberculosis is drug-susceptible, treatment includes isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for the first 2 months, followed by 4 months of isoniazid and rifampin (extended to a total of 9–12 months with bone or meningeal involvement).