MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Common reasons for needing bronchoscopy are a persistent cough, infection or something unusual seen on a chest X-ray or other test. Bronchoscopy can also be used to obtain samples of mucus or tissue, to remove foreign bodies or other blockages from the airways or lungs, or to provide treatment for lung problems.

Detailed explanation-2: -Chest infections, mainly smear-negative MTB, are the most common indication of bronchoscopy procedures, despite high investment in disease prevention.

Detailed explanation-3: -The most common abnormal bronchoscopic findings were inflammatory changes such as mucosal edema and large amounts of secretion and bronchial stenosis, although about 40% revealed normal airway. Flexible bronchoscopy is helpful for either diagnosis or treatment, especially in pneumonia-associated atelectasis.

Detailed explanation-4: -The most common indications for emergency bronchoscopy include evaluation and potential treatment for lobar collapse, pulmonary edema, structural obstruction or stenosis, pneumonia, hemoptysis, traumatic airway injury, and difficult endotracheal intubation [8].

Detailed explanation-5: -Mechanical complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy include oro-or nasopharyngeal, vocal cord, and airway trauma as well as bronchospasm, laryngospasm, pulmonary derecruitment/atelectasis, pneumothorax, airway hemorrhage, and introduction or exacerbation of infection.