MRCP UK EXAMINATIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -The common causes of transudative pleural effusion are fluid overload, heart failure and nephrotic syndrome, while the causes for exudative pleural effusion are pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), pulmonary embolisms or diseases causing pleuro-renal syndromes, like systemic lupus erythematosus.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are two types of pleural effusion: Transudative pleural effusion is caused by fluid leaking into the pleural space. This is from increased pressure in the blood vessels or a low blood protein count. Heart failure is the most common cause.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transudates are usually caused by increased systemic or pulmonary capillary pressure and decreased osmotic pressure, resulting in increased filtration and decreased absorption of pleural fluid. Major causes are cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, and protein-losing enteropathy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Key Points. Transudative effusions are caused by some combination of increased hydrostatic pressure and decreased plasma oncotic pressure. Exudative effusions result from increased capillary permeability, leading to leakage of protein, cells, and other serum constituents.

Detailed explanation-5: -Among the conditions that produce transudative pleural effusion, congestive heart failure is by far the most common. Pulmonary embolism, cirrhosis of the liver with ascites, and the nephrotic syndrome are the other common causes.