(A) ** A battle
(B) A surrender
(C) The battle that started the Civil War
(D) ** The first major land battle of the Civil War
EXPLANATIONS BELOW
Concept note-1: -The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the Battle of Manassas, marked the first major land battle of the American Civil War. On July 21, 1861, Union and Confederate armies clashed near Manassas Junction, Virginia.
Concept note-2: -The first land battle of the Civil War was fought on July 21, 1861, just 30 miles from Washington-close enough for U.S. senators to witness the battle in person. Southerners called it the Battle of Manassas, after the closest town. Northerners called it Bull Run, after a stream running through the battlefield.
Concept note-3: -Federal forces under General Irvin McDowell attempted to flank Confederate positions by crossing Bull Run but were turned back. The end result of the battle was a Confederate victory and Federal forces retreated to the defenses of Washington, DC.
Concept note-4: -On July 21, 1861, in the first major land battle of the Civil War, a large Union force under General Irvin McDowell is routed by a Confederate army under General Pierre G.T. Beauregard.