(A) ** Britain
(B) France
(C) Italy
(D) Japan
EXPLANATIONS BELOW
Concept note-1: -During the two Chechen wars and assisting Assad in Syria, Russia resorted to such insidious acts as the extermination of civilians in direct violation of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War and the Protocol (I) thereto.
Concept note-2: -British Conservatives condemned the proposal for fear that it would lead to conflict with the United States, which also opposed the proposal, and so it was shelved.
Concept note-3: -States would agree to submit all disputes to the Permanent Court of International Justice, and any state refusing arbitration was to be deemed the aggressor. The French enthusiastically supported the protocol, but it failed after it was rejected by the British.