GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The bone matrix has organic (35%) and inorganic (65%) components. The inorganic component consists primarily of calcium and phosphate, deposited as hydroxyapatite. Bone is categorized into two types, trabecular or cancellous bone and cortical bone.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bone matrix The hardness and rigidity of bone is due to the presence of mineral salt in the osteoid matrix, which is a crystalline complex of calcium and phosphate (hydroxyapatite). Calcified bone contains about 25% organic matrix (2-5% of which are cells), 5% water and 70% inorganic mineral (hydroxyapatite).

Detailed explanation-3: -Hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been widely used in bone regeneration. It is a naturally occurring form of calcium phosphate that constitutes the largest amount of inorganic components in human bones [63]. The chemical formula of HAP is Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 with a Ca/P ratio of 1.67 [52, 64].

Detailed explanation-4: -collagen is the major structural component of the bone matrix, whereby the majority is type I collagen (∼90%) with smaller amounts of collagen types III, V, X and XII. collagen is a fibrous protein that has a rope-like structure made up of ∼1000 amino acids and is ∼300 nm in length.