ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
PARATHYROID
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Osteomalacia and Rickets
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Multiple parathyroid adenomas
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Nodular parathyroid hyperplasia
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Calcium malabsorption
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Chronic Renal Failure
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Detailed explanation-1: -Defect in the activation of vitamin D in the kidneys due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, resulting in a compensatory increase in parathyroid gland cellularity and parathyroid hormone production and causing secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP).
Detailed explanation-2: -Chronic kidney failure is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism. In some people with long-term secondary hyperparathyroidism, usually from end-stage kidney disease, the parathyroid glands enlarge. They begin to release parathyroid hormone on their own.
Detailed explanation-3: -Renal hyperparathyroidism (rHPT) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease characterized by elevated parathyroid hormone levels secondary to derangements in the homeostasis of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D. Patients with rHPT experience increased rates of cardiovascular problems and bone disease.
Detailed explanation-4: -Secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid glands become enlarged and release too much PTH, causing a high blood level of PTH. There are several reasons why this happens in patients with kidney disease: Higher blood phosphorus levels. The kidneys cannot make active vitamin D (needed to absorb calcium)