GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis in liver, whereas in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue they decrease glucose uptake and utilization by antagonizing insulin response. Therefore, excess glucocorticoid exposure causes hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Glucocorticoids also regulate glycogen metabolism.

Detailed explanation-2: -One of their side effects is to increase blood glucose (sugar) since these drugs promote glucose production in the liver and reduce the sensitivity of the cells to insulin. Consequently, glucose accumulates in the blood and can cause a rise in blood sugar levels.

Detailed explanation-3: -The tight regulation of glucose is brought about by an interaction between hormones which raise blood glucose, namely glucagon, adrenalin, cortisol and growth hormone and the only hormone that can reduce glucose, which is insulin.

Detailed explanation-4: -Glucocorticoid hormones regulate essential body functions in mammals, control cell metabolism, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Glucocorticoids cause hyperglycemia in patients with or without pre-existing diabetes, but it remains to be determined how glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia in such patients should be managed and what the effects of management are.