GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Adrenal insufficiency usually presents with vague symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, and hyperpigmentation as the primary symptoms. Acute adrenal crisis can manifest with vomiting, abdominal pain, and hypovolemic shock (1).

Detailed explanation-2: -Regardless of the cause, the acute adrenal crisis is characterized by a shock-like condition due to electrolyte deficit with acidosis, vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhage, and numbness. Death is often caused by hyponatremia, the result of aldosterone deficiency, leading to cerebral and pulmonary edema.

Detailed explanation-3: -Main features-The predominant manifestation of adrenal crisis is shock, but the patients often have nonspecific symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, fatigue, lethargy, fever, confusion, or coma (table 1).

Detailed explanation-4: -Hypovolemic shock, which may be caused by a severe fluid or blood loss, is also known as haemorrhagic shock. This condition is an emergency situation wherein the heart is unable to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the body as a result of the adrenal glands not functioning and not producing enough cortisol.