ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
PARATHYROID
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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High PTH levels
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There is an invasion of surrounding structures
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Intravascular cell admixed with thrombus
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Indistinguishable from sestamibi appearance
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Detailed explanation-1: -Molecular or genetic markers may prove useful in distinguishing parathyroid cancer from other lesions. The HRPT2 gene product, parafibromin, is often but not always absent in parathyroid carcinoma. Increased expression of another marker, PGP9. 5, has also been shown to be highly specific for parathyroid carcinoma.
Detailed explanation-2: -Although exceptions exist to this generalization, parathyroid carcinomas tend to be larger than adenomas, with an average size of 3 cm. The only reliable imaging feature indicating malignancy is invasion of the surrounding structures [1, 21].
Detailed explanation-3: -A definite diagnosis of malignancy is rendered when a parathyroid tumor presents one of the following clinicopathological features: (1) vascular invasion, (2) perineural invasion, (3) gross invasion into adjacent anatomical structures, and/or (4) metastasis.