GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A positive sign is characterized by the appearance of a carpopedal spasm which involves flexion of the wrist, thumb, and MCP joints along with hyperextension of the IP joints. This spasm results from the ischemia that is induced by compression through the inflated cuff.

Detailed explanation-2: -Trousseau sign is elicited in hypocalcemia when the ionized calcium level is 1.75–2.25 mmol/L. The hand adopts a characteristic posture when the sphygmomanometer cuff is inflated above the systolic blood pressure within 3 minutes.

Detailed explanation-3: -A positive Chvostek sign may indicate hypocalcemia or other electrolyte imbalances, as well as severe conditions, like kidney failure or acute pancreatitis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Carpopedalspasms are frequent and involuntary muscle contractions in the hands and feet with associated pain. Hypocalcemia, low calcium levels can cause carpopedal spasms as a warning sign [1]. It occurs due to nerves and muscles hyperexcitability from decreased extracellular ionized calcium.