GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Vocal cord paresis or paralysis due to iatrogenic injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLNI) is one of the main problems in thyroid surgery. Although many procedures have been introduced to prevent the nerve injury, still the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy varies between 1.5-14%.

Detailed explanation-2: -Laryngeal complications after thyroidectomy are a common problem. The leading cause of the problem is injury to the recurrent nerve. Studies performed on large groups of patients show a prevalence for permanent palsy of the recurrent nerve ranging from 0% after primary surgery to 20% after revision surgery.

Detailed explanation-3: -The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (ELN) is intimately associated with the superior thyroid artery (STA) in relation to the superior pole of the thyroid gland, rendering it vulnerable to injury during the ligation of this vessel during thyroidectomy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Laryngeal nerve damage is injury to one or both of the nerves that are attached to the voice box. Laryngeal nerve damage can be caused by injury, tumors, surgery, or infection. Damage to the nerves of the larynx can cause hoarseness, difficulty in swallowing or breathing, or the loss of voice.