GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a relatively rare malignant tumor subtype originated the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland, producing tumor markers including calcitonin (Ctn), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and chromogranin A.

Detailed explanation-2: -A calcitonin test is most often used to: Help diagnose C-cell hyperplasia and medullary thyroid cancer in people who have symptoms. Find out if treatment for medullary thyroid cancer is working. Check whether medullary thyroid cancer has returned after treatment.

Detailed explanation-3: -Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a tumor arising from the parafollicular cells, or C cells, of the thyroid gland. Medullary thyroid cancer produces calcitonin, and elevated calcitonin level is an essential feature of this tumor.

Detailed explanation-4: -Serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are established tumor markers measured during both initial diagnosis for prognostication, as well as during long term monitoring for disease recurrence [3, 4]. Elevated levels of calcitonin and CEA predict distant disease and decreased survival [5–7].