GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Superior or cranial-toward the head end of the body; upper (example, the hand is part of the superior extremity). Inferior or caudal-away from the head; lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity).

Detailed explanation-2: -On a human body, dorsal (i.e., posterior) refers to the back portion of the body, whereas ventral (i.e., anterior) refers to the front part of the body. The terms dorsal and ventral are also often used to describe the relative location of a body part.

Detailed explanation-3: -Posterior: toward the back of the body (ex: the brain is posterior to the nose). Ventral: toward the belly; equivalent to anterior (ex: the breast is ventral to the spine). Dorsal: toward the back; equivalent to posterior (ex: the spine is dorsal to the breast).

Detailed explanation-4: -Anterior (or ventral) Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body. The toes are anterior to the foot. Posterior (or dorsal) Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body.