GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The bronchus in the lungs are lined with hair-like projections called cilia that move microbes and debris up and out of the airways. Scattered throughout the cilia are goblet cells that secrete mucus which helps protect the lining of the bronchus and trap microorganisms.

Detailed explanation-2: -The movement of cilia is similar to the way your arms move while swimming the breaststroke [3]. An individual cilium is not strong enough to move the mucus layer on its own, but when thousands of cilia beat together in a coordinated fashion, they can collectively cause the mucus to move [2, 3].

Detailed explanation-3: -Mucus acts as a physical barrier, trapping inhaled particles and pathogens, whilst cilia move both the mucus layer and fluid in the underlying periciliary layer.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hairlike structures called cilia line the mucous membrane and move the particles trapped in the mucus out of the nose. Inhaled air is moistened, warmed, and cleansed by the tissue that lines the nasal cavity.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cilia movement is driven by an array of longitudinal microtubules arranged in 9 doublets around a central pair. A basal body anchors these microtubules inside the cell.