GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Blood is removed from the patient and flows into the dialyzer where it is kept separated from dialysis fluid by a partially permeable membrane. The dialysis fluid contains the same concentration of glucose and salts as normal blood plasma so there is no net movement of glucose out of the blood by diffusion.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fluid is pumped into the peritoneal cavity through the catheter. As blood passes through the blood vessels lining the peritoneal cavity, waste products and excess fluid are drawn out of the blood and into the dialysis fluid. The used fluid is drained into a bag a few hours later and replaced with fresh fluid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fresh dialysate from the machine enters your dialyzer throughout your treatment. Impurities are filtered out of your blood into the dialysate. Dialysate containing unwanted waste products and excess electrolytes leave the dialyzer and are washed down the drain.

Detailed explanation-4: -A thin membrane separates these two parts. Blood cells, protein and other important things remain in your blood because they are too big to pass through the membrane. Smaller waste products in the blood, such as urea, creatinine, potassium and extra fluid pass through the membrane and are washed away.

Detailed explanation-5: -In hemodialysis, the wastes and excess water are removed by using an external filter called a dialyzer, which contains a semipermeable membrane. The separation of wastes is done by creating a counter-current flow gradient, where blood flow is in one direction and the fluid of the dialyzer is in the opposite direction.