GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a chemical produced in the brain that causes the kidneys to release less water, decreasing the amount of urine produced. A high ADH level causes the body to produce less urine. A low level results in greater urine production.

Detailed explanation-2: -ADH normally causes the kidneys to make the urine more concentrated. As a result of not responding to the ADH signal, the kidneys release too much water into the urine. This causes the body to produce a large quantity of very dilute urine.

Detailed explanation-3: -ADH decreases the water production of kidneys. As a result, the quantity of urine is decreased. The high amount of ADH in the body results in a decrease in urine levels and the low amount of ADH in the body results in an increase in urine levels.

Detailed explanation-4: -If there is too little ADH or the kidneys do not respond to ADH, then too much water is lost through the kidneys, the urine produced is more dilute, and the blood becomes more concentrated.

Detailed explanation-5: -Maximum concentration occurs at the bottom of the loop. The ascending limb of the nephron loop is impermeable to water, but Na + and Cl – are pumped out into the surrounding fluids by active transport. As fluid travels up the ascending limb, it becomes less and less concentrated because Na + and Cl – are pumped out.