GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts proteins for transport throughout the cell. The Golgi apparatus is often found in close proximity to the ER in cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -COPII-coated vesicles transport cargo proteins from the ER to the Golgi; COPI-coated vesicles transport cargo in the retrograde direction (from the cis-Golgi back to the ER) and between Golgi cisternae; and clathrin-coated vesicles form from the plasma membrane and the TGN to fuse with endosomes or lysosomes (Fig. 1).

Detailed explanation-3: -The highways inside cells are called microtubules, and proteins called kinesins and dyneins act like motors and are essentially the cargo trucks in cells, O’Hagan said.

Detailed explanation-4: -Correctly folded and assembled proteins in the ER are packaged into COPII-coated transport vesicles that pinch off from the ER membrane. Shortly thereafter the coat is shed and the vesicles fuse with one another to form vesicular tubular clusters, which move on microtubule tracks to the Golgi apparatus.