GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Protein pumps are transmembrane proteins, which are involved in the active transport of ions across the membrane against the concentration gradient.

Detailed explanation-2: -Active transport uses energy to transport molecules across the plasma membrane. This uses energy from ATP. They also use pumps to get molecules in or out of the cell. Passive Transport does NOT use energy to transport molecules across the membrane.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ion pumps are the only molecules capable of performing primary active transport. Most ion pumps of interest to us are transport ATPases, that is, they are bifunctional molecules that both hydrolyze ATP and perform the translocation of the substrate against the prevailing electrochemical gradient.

Detailed explanation-4: -Active transport may also require proteins called pumps, which are embedded in the plasma membrane. Two types of active transport are membrane pumps (such as the sodium-potassium pump) and vesicle transport.

Detailed explanation-5: -Transmembrane protein channels and transporters Such molecules diffuse passively through protein channels in facilitated diffusion or are pumped across the membrane by transmembrane transporters.