GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The bacterial flagellar motor is powered by the transmembrane electrochemical gradient of ions, namely ion motive force (IMF) and rotates the flagellar filament to generate thrust to propel the cell body. The maximum motor speed reaches 300 revolutions per second in E.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gliding motility is the ability of certain rod-shaped bacteria to translocate on surfaces without the aid of external appendages such as flagella, cilia, or pili.

Detailed explanation-3: -Flagella are complex machines embedded in the cell envelope that rotate a long extracellular helical filament like a propeller to push cells through the environment.

Detailed explanation-4: -Flagella are primarily used for cell movement and are found in prokaryotes as well as some eukaryotes. The prokaryotic flagellum spins, creating forward movement by a corkscrew shaped filament. A prokaryote can have one or several flagella, localized to one pole or spread out around the cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -Ciliates are microorganisms with small, hair-like projections on their surface called cilia. The cilia can be very numerous, covering the entire surface of many microbes, or several can be fused together to form a bundle. Cilia beat in a coordinated fashion to propel the organism through the water.