GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Left stellate ganglion block may shorten the QT interval, whereas right stellate ganglion block lengthens the QT interval.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stellate ganglion stimulation promote AF induction and prolong AF maintenance in atrial and pulmonary sites. The inhibition sympathetic nerve activation by unilateral stellate ganglionectomy can reduce the AF initiating and sustaining.

Detailed explanation-3: -Normal values for contractility indexes were defined as LV ejection fraction greater than 52% at rest and increment of greater than or equal to 5% during exercise, and systolic BP to end-systolic volume ratio greater than 2.2 mm Hg/ml at rest and greater than 3.0 mm Hg/ml during exercise.