GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The nucleus ambiguus is the common nucleus of the efferent fibers for glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X) nerves.

Detailed explanation-2: -They’re the glossopharyngeal, number nine, the vagus, number ten, the accessory, number eleven, and the hypoglossal, number twelve. These four nerves leave the skull close together.

Detailed explanation-3: -CRANIAL NERVE 9 (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL) AND CRANIAL NERVE 10 (VAGUS) CNs 9 and 10 work together to supply the musculature of the pharynx (mostly supplied by CN 10) and transmit visceral afferent information from vascular baroreceptors, and each nerve also has additional individual functions listed below.

Detailed explanation-4: -The nucleus ambiguus contains the cell bodies of neurons that innervate the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx which are associated with speech and swallowing.

Detailed explanation-5: -Functions of CN 9/10 are evaluated by testing gag and palatal reflexes, watching swallowing and listening for disturbances of phonation. Lesions are manifested by dysarthria, asymmetric elevation of the soft palate and loss of the gag reflex.