GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The basal ganglia consist of five pairs of nuclei: caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. These nuclei are grouped into broader clusters; Striatum, which further consists of the: Dorsal striatum, made by the caudate nucleus and putamen.

Detailed explanation-2: -The basal ganglia are a cluster of subcortical nuclei deep to cerebral hemispheres. The largest component of the basal ganglia is the corpus striatum which contains the caudate and lenticular nuclei (the putamen, globus pallidus externus, and internus), the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and the substantia nigra (SN).

Detailed explanation-3: -The globus pallidus (GP) is one of the components of the basal ganglia. It divides into globus pallidus internus (GPi) and globus pallidus externus (GPe). The globus pallidus and putamen collectively form the lentiform (lenticular) nucleus, which lies beneath the insula.

Detailed explanation-4: -The internal globus pallidus contains GABAergic neurons, which allow for its inhibitory function. As the GPi, along with the substantia nigra pars reticulata, forms the output of the basal ganglia, these neurons extend to the thalamus, the centromedian complex and the pedunculopontine complex.

Detailed explanation-5: -The globus pallidus (GP), also known as paleostriatum or dorsal pallidum, is a subcortical structure of the brain. It consists of two adjacent segments, one external, known in rodents simply as the globus pallidus, and one internal, known in rodents as the entopeduncular nucleus.