GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Part of the tongue: The glossopharyngeal nerve helps you taste food in the back third of your tongue. Stylopharyngeus muscle: A long muscle that runs down part of your throat. CN IX connects to this muscle to lift the voice box (larynx) and nearby throat (pharynx). This makes it possible to swallow.

Detailed explanation-2: -The glossopharyngeal nerve, which is also called the ninth cranial nerve, has both sensory (sensation) functions and motor (movement) functions in the body, as well as specialized sensory function and parasympathetic function.

Detailed explanation-3: -The vagal nerve (VN), the tenth cranial nerve, provides both motor and sensory innervation, and plays an important role in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing [4, 6].

Detailed explanation-4: -The glossopharyngeal and vagus cranial nerves provide the brainstem with sensory inputs from different receptors in the heart, lung, and vasculature. This afferent information is critical for the short-term regulation of arterial blood pressure and the buffering of emotional and physical stressors.

Detailed explanation-5: -During swallowing, the elevator skeletal muscles of the pharynx contract, raising and expanding the pharynx to receive the bolus of food. Once received, these muscles relax and the constrictor muscles of the pharynx contract, forcing the bolus into the esophagus and initiating peristalsis.