GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The spinal cord proper terminates in a region called the conus medullaris, while the pia mater continues as an extension called the filum terminale, which anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx.

Detailed explanation-2: -Notice the spinal cord ending at approx. L1-L2 yet the dorsal and ventral roots continue down the vertebral canal to exit at their appropriate vertebral levels. This collection of dorsal and ventral roots is termed the cauda equina (horses tail).

Detailed explanation-3: -Anatomically, the spinal cord runs from the top of the highest neck bone (the C1 vertebra) to approximately the level of the L1 vertebra, which is the highest bone of the lower back and is found just below the rib cage.

Detailed explanation-4: -The medulla oblongata, or simply medulla, extends inferiorly from the pons. It is continuous with the spinal cord at the foramen magnum. All the ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve fibers connecting the brain and spinal cord pass through the medulla.