GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A nontraumatic spinal cord injury can be caused by arthritis, cancer, inflammation, infections or disk degeneration of the spine.

Detailed explanation-2: -Tumors, birth defects, disruption of the blood supply to the spinal cord, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and infections are common causes of non-traumatic spinal cord injuries.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cervical spondylitic myelopathy is the most common non-traumatic progressive spinal cord disorder [25]. The prevalence is around 2% and is caused by spinal cord compression due to degenerative changes in the spinal column components [10].

Detailed explanation-4: -Osteoporosis is a natural phenomenon that occurs with aging. As we get older, our bones weaken. When the vertebrae in the spine weaken, they can narrow and become flatter. This can make elderly patients shorter and lead to a rounded back, a hump, or a bent-forward look to the spine.

Detailed explanation-5: -Spinal cord injury causes rapid, severe osteoporosis with increased fracture risk. Mechanical unloading after paralysis results in increased osteocyte expression of sclerostin, suppressed bone formation, and indirect stimulation of bone resorption.